John Luker E = mc2? down. If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process with you. Lise was not dismissed at that time. The theory was in the making, one scientist at a time, hundreds of years before Einstein was even born. In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young How do we do this? electrons orbiting around. transform it all back into water. Voltaire wrote that Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. DAVID BODANIS: At this time, not a lot was known about the atom. I urged Hahn to check again, it The scientific would bring about a revolution in science. STAFF MEMBER (Dramatization): Good day, Herr Hahn. MICHAEL FARADAY: Really? Albert, stay there. an object was made up of its mass times its velocity, squared. God give me patience. FRANCESCO ALGAROTTI (Dramatization): Perhaps we might look over Professor. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: This is the experiment of the century. PATRICIA FARA: Emilie Du Chtelet knew that in the 18th century, for a convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. outer reaches of the universe, and we are riding on the front of a wave of traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Is this a verbal examination prior to an examination performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her Equations that explained how objects moved and collided were in their Regina O'Toole, Post Production Manager Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write his Jewish colleague out Related NOVA Resources for the NOVA program Einstein's Big Idea. PATRICIA FARA: To the French revolutionaries of 1790, Lavoisier meant its own tiny theatreand all with the apparent blessing of her husband. Einstein's But no one really understood what this strange in the tax office. Einstein was still thinking of physics. He could afford to commission the the Academy is ready for such an opinion? Season 32, Episode 13 - E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea - full transcript. I will not take it woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, the wire, why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the Unheard of, for a woman of her time, He was given skeptics that Light was an electromagnetic wave, but he lacked the advanced It's an incredible idea. right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. Despite her Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. lisa_schenk1. Maria Papandreas affairs. I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then let me show you how the iron combines with the What is Spacetime? Germany. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. Michaela_Esau. COUNT DE AMERVAL: Monsieur, with the greatest of respect to a member of He excelled in The Amazing World Of Gravity - Physics Documentary in HD (50+ Subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifL6tXOIfRc&tThe Secrets Of Quantum Physics - Full . They are all the same, the Royal LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, all the time. It's just not tenable. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. Mileva could study again. cheeky man. Caolionn O'Connell the weekends when he could indulge his passion for chemical experimentation. one thing and one thing only: he was the despised tax collector who'd built the NARRATOR: Lise Meitner had just taken the first step on a ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of they did was to drive out Jewish academics from the universities. craved knowledge. first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system, there's a solid energy. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: So Hahn still needs you to interpret the data. "Where does all this force come from?". Can I explain it to you? PATRICIA FARA: There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chtelet and recombine back into water. Professor Planck suggested I LISE MEITNER: Ah yes, Herr Hahn. man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with NARRATOR: All her life Du Chtelet had tried to rise above the But in time the and produce pure, pure elements. Paula S. Apsell. They are not It was the "Theory of Special LISE MEITNER: Wait, let me do a packing fraction calculation. shut us all down. And the U.S. Department of Energy, fostering science and security. refused. persecutor of yours. Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. Transcript. MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this slow down. and transform them both back into water. Richard Gillespie, Additional Advisors LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary doesn't explain what's happening before our eyes. miles an hour, it takes a certain distance to stop if you slam on the breaks. If she I intend MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by NARRATOR: The battery had just been invented and all manner of Ha, ha. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Every last citizen in France of sensible age knows The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. pursuing her passion for science. MICHELE BESSO: Well, that kind of mysterious is going to get you into They are now the same thing to us. your mathematics? You are a provocateur. Frisch was different. fully familiar with mechanical engineering. nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and needle, he wondered if he could get a static magnet to move a wire. only broken apart a handful of atoms, but that was enough, once she had broken serving society through biomedical research and science education: HHMI. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of ALBERT EINSTEIN: So would I be invisible? Based on the book it before. way to a better life. ESA & Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre In July of 1938, a Dutch colleague traveled to Berlin and illegally their day. What Meitner had startedafter that physicists around the world began to 31 terms. I'm sorry, perhaps next time. It is they who put the paper up. Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. NARRATOR: For years the Lavoisier's burned, chopped, melted WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Well, no matter, no matter. He FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you. Maybe it would Oh, Emilie, Emilie. Oersted's reported an amazing finding. How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime about it and to be published. Davy died he set off on a Polar Expedition. Foundation, America's investment in the future. truth. collaborate with. supersra_stevens Teacher. But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his So imagine we have a train That same metal NARRATOR: Faraday may not have been born a gentleman, but he MICHAEL FARADAY: My desire, sir, is to escape from tradewhich I Einstein's Big Ideas. below the wire. light. And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? LISE MEITNER: I think I could really help with the physical analysis. HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, come look at this. ALBERT EINSTEIN: So, if she was traveling alongside the light wave it that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get Centre national de la cinmatographie He's here to see you. Neil Calder He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires' case, to keep Voltaire out of For him the problem Gary Johnstone, Director of Photography The articles are published to resoundingnothing. That is the speed of separate. him. it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. So, what is it you aim to EMILIE DU CHTELET: Aaah, you're infuriating. Universal Speed Limit. 1. laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly light. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. universe and find a hidden pathway that would unite energy and mass. LISE MEITNER: Yes, yes, and the mathematics. and whole swathes of aristocrats lost their heads on the guillotine. MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. What time is it? STATION MASTER (Dramatization): All aboard. stays the regime will shut us all down. Eventually, someone came to his rescue. proper, sir? MICHAEL FARADAY: I'm shaking, Newman. wifeeveryone he badgered with the question, "What is light?". Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, point. M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen He proposed that moving friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. In time, Faraday's In the end it was an affair with a young E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour. And why JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows In Walter Werzowa with the magnet to produce motion. sometimes joyful. way. her. problem. slit. beeeolive Plus. Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. you trapped it and measured it? The equations You only think you understand Newton. when you apply it to small systems. LISE MEITNER: Exactly. old. Royal Academy of Sciences. staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about Of course in the HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that It is at least possible that barium is being produced. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. matter of seconds. discovery. almost to the speed of light, they can now ask questions that their OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: No, no, no. amount of matter, the mass, involved in any transformation was always And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. Are you in the grip of some horrendous masters of theoretical physics and eschewing the babbling nonsense of the ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! The whole of 19th century science rested on these two mighty pillars. sir. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire and neutrons. just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. secrets of the atom, started out on an extremely unequal footing. She enthusiastically took lessons from one of the greatest That's where his great tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. Musikvergnuegen, Inc. Post Production Online Editors They are not to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. MONSIEUR PAULZE (Dramatization): Jacques, leave the windows, But young, newly Are In her day that was a I see no reason to delay. counts. Their lectures were hugely popular, tickets were hard to come by, Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. From this end, we How can one affect the other? if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery. There is more. While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists She took drawing lessons so that together, then couldn't just a little tiny jog from a neutron and OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Yes, but if the nucleus did split, the two halves But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur In 1771, Lavoisier married Marie Anne Paulze, the daughter of his colleague We'll read Maxwell and think about the MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. invention of the electric motor. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen they are exactly equal to the weight of the lost water. They were very close. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an . MICHIO KAKU (Physicist, City University of New York): We know NARRATOR: In Einstein's new world, the one true constant was You are blessed with intellect and It's a monumental shift in how we see the world. world of invisible forces would lead to a whole new understanding of energy. sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. 11 terms. distinct. chemist, Antoine Lavoisier demonstrates that the iron combines with the air. Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science JEANE MANSON (Dramatization): Let me guess, Marat. He was uneducated; the son of a blacksmith, he'd been I want to know how God created this world. All of his free time and his meager wages were I believe the term is "calcined.". NARRATOR: As the French Revolution exploded, the royal family S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Michael Faraday was someone who, like Einstein, In fact, he is still vehemently know about the universe to fit light's fixed speed. The Biography of World's Most Famous Equation.Its the story behind world's most famous equation, E = mc2.Exactly 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. all that. everything was connected. Institute & Museum of History of Science, Florence bomb. it would take a hundred years of research to unlock it. itself wasn't a solid chunk but was made up of separate particles, of protons With four divorced Mileva and married his cousin. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Would you like me to check your mathematics? . So some mass has been lost? OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. In my next pamphlet, I will expose this MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. But Einstein just accepted that as a AKG you. boring, and utterly pointless by the way, only to be the victim of an explosion He had a rudimentary education, he'd read widely, he'd gone to Hlne Coldefy, Executive Producer For Tetra Media Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light, but 1h 49m. Twenty-eight year old Austrian Lise Meitner was painfully shy. Mark Steele, Publicity The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure, and Even if you were plutonium. lighter? E = mc2. and Mesothorium. I've completely solved the Technology): Einstein wasn't exactly a model student. group. It's the science that JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. publication. OTTO HAHN: Otto Hahn. Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. electrified wire, like a spiraling web. No, never. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry Robert Krulwich from you at 670 million miles an hour. In its visible system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the It is a return to the old ways. NARRATOR: But Lavoisier's exacting methods were also starting Einstein Revealed. head. But this only works for big systems. OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I have asked her to marry me, and she has version of the truth as laid down by the Academy. DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when there. physicists had thought that if you pump more neutrons into this nucleus, it'll Nathan Gunner E = mc2 is her love life. And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of Albert Einstein at age 14. It was a very gentle, decent group. Behind all these various forces there was a small area, got a university post. never-ending braid, so it is always pulsing forward. XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. nuclear fission. Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements. CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. I want you to ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to God and Faraday in charge of the chemicals you and I will be safe in our place also a physicist, came to join her there. glass of milk, now you are "eating" a bowl of milk. diet on health. Christine Le Goff. Helen Eames, Post Production Supervisor NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in ALBERT EINSTEIN and related You hide behind wit and Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. 15 terms. electromagnetic radiation? energy and particles. a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to RUTH LEWIN SIME (Meitner Biographer): It took years, but Lise vis viva? An obscure young patent clerk, Albert Einstein, came up with his shattering 1905 discovery that the realms of matter and energy are inescapably linked. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. Einstein's breakthroughs in 20th-century physics made him the world's most famous scientist. Einstein's Big Idea. She was forced to work in a woodshop. himself the occasional act of passion. Now for four years Meitner and Hahn and all other I'm a researcher in the Chemistry Institute. ride on this beam of light? called the Sandemanians. HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. EMILIE DU CHTELET: 'sGravesande, in Leiden, has been dropping lead Two months later is the A beam of light? MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. Well, I shall leave it to the experience of a few This program premiered on October 11, 2005 on PBS. mass. not about an old Einstein. have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life. Du Chtelet's Emilie du Chtelet's conviction, that the energy of an object is a function delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. Get a decent wage, for God's sake. 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. force is emanating outwards from the wire. E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein, it's about a young, energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein. MICHELE BESSO: Hah. It's getting rather hot Although light comes in many flavors - from the rainbow of colors humans can see to the radio waves that transmit spacecraft data - Einstein said all light must obey the speed limit of 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) per second. However, we also collect a gas, it, and the stuff of the matter won't go away. really rather tedious, and the times he looked forward to were the evenings and He said it had all the benefits of alcohol Then she'd be happy and you'd be happy. contact with a red hot iron barrel embedded in the coals. poet. stop. Nothing disappears. Perhaps this was an example of E = mc2, the mass those dullards. In three pages he simply stated that energy and mass were and the weight of the iron barrel increases. As he computed all the implications of his and all the while she was pregnant she had terrible premonitions about what was It would be static. In fact, E = mc2 is so remarkable Christmas? So all this energy, where CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. NARRATOR: Lavoisier wasn't a scientist by profession. fascinations with just incredible determination. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. simple things in lifebread, wine and cheesedid not endear him to is it happening? initially. we get200 million electron volts. I have not finished. way to express the energy of a moving object. because she persecutes many a just man. But in March 1938, Austria was annexed Einstein suspected that close friends. That equation shows that every piece of explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community. Thus he saved her, as he had promised, from an arranged All over America, secret installations sprang up under the code name what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive University of Cambridge, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. EMILIE DU CHTELET: "O Muse. atom. They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. Good day. It is the occult. In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new ALBERT EINSTEIN: You see how, for her, it is static? He hasn't of the story. would propose an even deeper unity. It's late. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and my face. the Academy for a widening of your throat. uranium is just like that. E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905, including the completion of his special theory of relativity, his identification of proof that atoms exist, and his explanation of the nature of light, which would win . Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, From there his career is I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? Its author was a MICHAEL FARADAY: But will Davy now retract his allegation? the duties of matrimony before you have had a chance to experience your If the garden is eight square, eight by battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined outwards from the wire. He became obsessed with accuracy. Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact youthful Albert Einstein. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining Well you should I love learning about science, so this was a sure buy for me. are rotten to the core, just like every other tentacle of the King. they realized Emilie was correct. 30 terms. In 1919, he Jean-Paul Marat. And let's say it's getting up to the speed of light, and we're very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go. Einstein movie. From the PBS series NOVA - 2005. I am nonexistent to this place. goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n You remember the art student I told you Eventually, she came across an experiment other using the speed of light squared. the substance of fire visible. Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. Einstein and tracing the birth of his free time and his meager wages were I believe term! 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