Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. 35. 127. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. Elements of the South African Army refused to fight against the Germans and along with other opponents of the government; they rose in an open revolt known as the Maritz Rebellion. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. The Transvaal Boer republic was forcefully annexed by Britain in 1877, during Britain's attempt to consolidate the states of southern Africa under British rule. Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. This was accomplished after several years of negotiations, when the South Africa Act 1909 consolidated the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State into one nation. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. [160] [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. Meaning: Spirit. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. Much later, in 1820 the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants (most of them "in trade") to leave Great Britain. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. [207] Following restrictions placed on its activities, the UDF was replaced in 1988 by the Mass Democratic Movement, a loose and amorphous alliance of anti-apartheid groups that had no permanent structure, making it difficult for the government to place a ban on its activities. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. BP Willan, "The South African Native Labour Contingent, 19161918". The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. Portrayals of indenture in recent South African writing", "Indianness Reconfigured, 1944-1960: The Natal Indian Congress in South Africa - The O'Malley Archives", "Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D", "Eastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878 | South African History Online", "Jacob Zuma a spawn of collaborators trying to right old wrongs", "Southern Africa - European and African interaction in the 19th century | Britannica", "Black involvement in the AngloBoer War, 18991902", "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid", "Volume Five Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report", "Institute of Security Studies, Monograph No.81", Political pardons would damage the legacy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/21/ares21.htm. (2014). The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African [120] It ended when the invading column was ambushed and captured by Boer commandos. [169] [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. [19] Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. Abundant, cheap African labour was central to the success of Kimberley diamond mining, as it would later also be to the success of gold mining on the Witwatersrand. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. It comes from the word Latin "praetor" and it's very common in South Africa. [110], Of the leading 25 foreign industrialists who were instrumental in opening up deep level mining operations at the Witwatersrand gold fields, 15 were Jewish, 11 of the total were from Germany or Austria, and nine of that latter category were also Jewish. 1. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. No gold was ever discovered in the annexed territory. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. [98], By the 1870s and 1880s the mines at Kimberley were producing 95% of the world's diamonds. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. Subsequent to the killing of the Retief party, the Boers defended themselves against a Zulu attack, at the Ncome River on 16 December 1838. South Africa's ports and harbours on the Home Front were a crucial strategic asset when conducting a war on a global scale. A total of 616 men from the Fifth Battalion of the SANLC drowned on 21 February 1917 when the troopship SS Mendi, on which they were being transported to France, collided with another vessel near the Isle of Wight. 4. 2. Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. 2. Meaning: 'Lion.' 3. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. 37. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Fourie, J. Lynx Southern African, English. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. 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